Syria is located in the Middle East. It is bordered by Jordan and Palestine to the South, Iraq to the East, Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, and Turkey to the North.
The country is divided into four topographical regions. There are fertile coastal lands in the Northeast, mountains in the west, deserts to the South, and plains in the Central area.
DAMASCUS: The World oldest continuously inhabited city. Famous with Mosques, Churches, Markets and historical architectural structures.
ALEPPO: 220 Mi north of Damascus, it’s history goes back to the 3rd millennium BC. Dominated the trade routes connecting East and West. Still plays a key economic roll.
HAMA: 90 Mi South of Aleppo. Famed with its waterwheels & Apamea, the ancient Hellenistic Roman city built 300 BC.
LATTAKIA: Syria best sea port of entry, and best summer resort. Built 3rd century B.C.
MALOULA: 37 Mi fm Damascus. Famous with its houses built into the sides of cliffs.
SAIDNAIYA: 20 Mi fm Damascus built in the 6th century AD. It is the home of The Virgin Mary Icon attributed to St. Luke .
The climate within Syria will range from very hot Mediterranean-type summer to rainy, warm winter. The majority of the rainfall is received during the winter months of December through March.
The best time to visit the country is between April and June, or September and November.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | |
| Av Low | 36 | 39 | 42 | 49 | 55 | 61 |
| Av High | 53 | 57 | 65 | 75 | 84 | 91 |
| Days w/o rain | 24 | 22 | 29 | 27 | 30 | 30 |
| Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
| Av Low | 64 | 64 | 60 | 54 | 47 | 40 |
| Av High | 96 | 99 | 91 | 81 | 67 | 56 |
| Days w/o rain | 31 | 31 | 28 | 29 | 25 | 26 |
NATIONALITY : Syrian (s)
POPULATION : 17,000.00
MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS:
Damascus ………………… 2,400.000
Aleppo …………………….. 1,900.000
Homs ……………………… 347.000
Lattakia ……………………. 554,000
Public education is free. Available schools include private religious, private secular schools, and traditional public schools. Compulsory education 6-12 years.
The literacy rate is approximately 65%.
Four universities are located in Damascus, Aleppo, Lattakia, and Homs. The institute of Petroleum&Chemical Engineering is in Homs
The official language is Arabic.
French and English are also used.
Over 70 % of the population are Sunni Muslim. Another 19 % consist of Islamic groups including the Alawites, Durze, and Shiites. 11 % follow the Christian beliefs of the Greek Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, Syrian Catholic & Orthodox, and Maronites.
OFFICIAL NAME : Syrian Arab Republic
NATIONAL CAPITAL: Damascus
TYPE OF GOVERNMENT: Republic
Currency:
Coins: 1, 5, 10, 25
Bills: 5,10, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000
Business Hours: Saturday to Thursday
Banks: 8:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m.
Government: 8:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m.
Business & Shops: 8:00 a.m.-1:50 p.m.
And 4:30 a.m. – 8:00 p.m.
Practices:
Syrian Pounds
Men should wear a suit and tie when conducting business. Women should wear a dress or skirt and blouse.
Appointments are required, and punctuality is expected.
Business cards should be given freely.
Although the French and English languages are common in the business world, a translator may be required. If so, contact the local embassy, and they will provide you with information relative to notarized translator for hire.
It is polite to inquire about ones health prior to conducting business.
Do not be surprised if your business contact has invited numerous fellow professionals to participate in your meeting.
Time:
EST + 7 – GMT + 2
Weights / Measures:
Kgs – Metric
Telephones:
The telephone service is reliable.
Long distance service is available.
Mail:
The postal system is good in Syria. There are post offices located in nearly every town. They are open from 8:00 am – 2:00 pm
Mail to Europe or the United States will take approximately two (2) weeks.
Publications:
The majority of the media services are government owned and/or controlled. The local papers which are most important to the citizens are the Al-Baath, Tishrin, and, Al-Thawrah. The local English language newspaper is the Syrian Times. Other publications are imported.
Radio / Television:
Radio programs are broadcast twenty-one (21) hours each day. Facilities shut down between 2:30 a.m. and 5:30 a.m. only. The majority of the presentations are transmitted in Arabic. Programs are also presented on FM and short wave radio in Turkish, English, French, German, Hebrew, and Spanish.
Television shows are broadcast from 10:00am until 12:30 am.
Personal Documents:
A valid passport will be required of anyone wishing to enter Syria. A visa will be required from the Syrian Embassies and consulates overseas.
Any passport holder with an Israeli Stamp on
it will not be permitted to enter the country.
Health Requirements:
There are no health certifications required at this time, unless an individual is arriving from an infected area.
Currency Restrictions:
There is no limit on the import and export of foreign currency. The only requirement is that the amount be declared at the time of entry & exit
Air / Rail Transportation:
Direct flights are available from New York to Syria via Pakistan International Airlines. Most connections into the country are made through Europe. An average flight from London to Damascus will take approximately five hours.
Syria maintains four (4) major airports. Two of them are international, Damascus& Aleppo
The national airlines is Syrian Arab Airlines.
Domestic air service is available and is offered at a reasonable fee.
Although rail service is limited, passenger service is available. Travel via rail can be made into Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey. The service is adequate; the trains are slow.
Taxi / Bus Transportation:
Taxi services is available and not expensive. Fares are metered (in Syrian Pounds) and drivers expect a tip in addition to the fee. If the meter is not working get out of the taxi. A ride from the airport to downtown Damascus cost around US$ 10.
Mini Busses (private) are very adequate to transport within the city, they have set routes, and the fare is very cheap.
Long distance travel is recommended with the buses as every 15 minutes there is a bus to the main cities. The buses are air conditioned, with television, hostesses, and comfortable seats (private companies). Reservations are required. The fare range from US$ 3 to 7 .
The buses are new and punctual.
Cars:
The import of vehicles into Syria is not permitted for Syrian Nationals and permitted for Foreign Diplomat. Foreign Experts are permitted to import private car if customs permit is obtained through the contracting company, and the car must be less than two (2) years old.
Diesel engines are not permitted.
Car Rentals:
A car may be rented by anyone possessing a valid International drivers license. The cars are new and insured. Check the condition of the car before signing the contract. Check the mileage and the permitted mileage per day. Do not rent a car without insurance. You can rent a car with driver for a small addition charges. The rate vary from US$ 30 – US$ 150 per day.
Driving:
An international drivers permit will be required to drive on Syrian streets. Insurance is required by law.
All the main roads are in good conditions. Four lane highways and roads connect Syria to Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan. Road signs are marked in Arabic and English or French.
Housing:
Housing is available in the cities. A small two (2) bedroom, unfurnished apartment will rent for approximately $400.00
Per in a suburban neighborhood like Dummar. The same apartment in Malki will rent for as high as $1,000.00 per month.
A three (3) bedroom, unfurnished apartment in Dummar will lease for an estimated US$ 500.00 while the same apartment in Malki will rent for approx US$ 2,500.00 p/m.
The normal term of lease for foreigners is one (1) year. And Six (6) months for Syrians.
Utilities will vary depending on the size of the family, and the amount of services used. An average family of four (4) will consume and estimated US$ 3.00 per month in water, US$25.00 per month in electricity, US$ 20.00
Per month for domestic telephone services, and US$ 2.50 per three(3) week period for gas
Household Help:
Household help is easily located. Be aware, however, that Muslim employees will expect to receive Friday as a day off. They will also expect Muslim holidays off. Likewise, Christian employees will expect Sundays and related Christian holidays off.
Benefits are negotiated between the employee and the employer. They may include vacation time off with pay, transportation, living quarters, bonus pay, and meals.
A live in maid will charge an estimated $ 100.00 to $ 200.00 US per month; a nanny will ask for between $ 100.00 and $ 200.00 US per month; a driver will expect to receive between $150.00 and $ 200.00 US per month; and a gardener collects between $ 100.00 and $ 150.00 US per month .
Clothing:
Western style clothing is worn by men and women.
Clothing should always be conservative. Shorts are worn by children and men only.
A variety of high quality clothing is available at reasonable prices. You can get good buys on clothing such as cotton clothes, leather, diamonds, and jewelry.
Furnishings:
Numerous items can be purchased locally for the home. Precious handicrafts made from Mother of Pearl are available as are beautifully woven rugs, embroidered linens, leather goods, and olive wood articles, hand-blown glass, copper ware, straw goods, brassware, and many other items
The Cost of major appliances will vary dramatically depending on the size, make, and model. An idea of what the average costs are in U.S. dollars follows:
Refrigerator …………….$ 500.00 and up
Television (14″) ………..$ 300.00 and up
Radio …………………..$ 50.00 and up
Bedroom Set ………….$ 1,000.00 and up
Dining Room Set ……..$ 600.00 and up
Living Room Set ………$ 700.00 and up
Electric Matters::
A.C., 50 Cycle, 220/240 Volts, 1.3 phases, 2,3 wires. Wall plugs are the round two-prong European type.
Taxes:
Syrians pay a tax based on the income per household. The amount will vary between 25 % and 60 %.
Health / Medicalconcerns:
The medical facilities in the major cities are fair. Overall there are approximately two hundred (200) hospitals which provide an average of twelve hundred (1200) beds throughout the country.
An estimated fourteen thousand (14000) doctors, many English speaking, offer care as best they can.
Care is offered free of charge at the Governmental Hospitals.
Life expectancy is approximately sixty-six (66) years of age, and the infant mortality rate is forty-five per every one thousand (45/1000).
Dining:
The Syrian diet is full of variety. They enjoy meat dishes (both raw and cooked), okra, eggplant, pickles, olives, and breads. Lamb and chicken are the most common meats. Sweets are thoroughly enjoyed as well.
Some of the favored local recipes include:
Ouzi …. a pastry filled with meat and rice
Yabrak.. leaf filled with rice and meat
Kubbeh…meat balls with onion meat and nuts
Waraqqinab. rice and raisin dish
Farouge ….. roast chicken
Burgol ……..dish made with boiled wheat
Shawarma …like a gyros with roasted mutton
Shish taouk ..chicken on a skewer
The drinking water is safe. If a person has an easily troubled stomach. It is a good idea to drink only bottled water, which is available throughout Syria.
Alcoholic beverages is served in most of the restaurants. Muslims are forbidden to partake of pork or alcoholic beverages.
Safety Concerns:
Syria has one of the lowest crime rates in the world. The streets are safe at night. Use common sense.
Women should not converse with taxi drivers or vendors as they may interpret this as being too friendly.
Tipping:
A 10 % tip Is considered fair for most services. Tips are not required, but they are greatly appreciated.
More:
It is wise to avoid political discussions.
Always ask permission before you smoke. Share your cigarettes. (Smoking is forbidden in all public transport and Governmental departments)
Always inquire about another’s health when greeting them.
Gestures:
Women will often kiss one another on the cheek twice when they meet. Men will shake hands when they meet.
Never point the bottom of the foot at another individual
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